The Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals:
	   A Selected, Annotated Bibliography of Sources in English

compiled by: Gerard Koskovich
	     DAlembert@aol.com


Terrie A. Couch, "The Legacy of the Black Triangles," Windy City Times (May
9, 1991): pp. 19f. - An oral history with a lesbian survivor of the camps. [A
shorter version of this article also appears in Off Our Backs (March 1991):
p. 23.]

Fania Fenelon, Playing for Time (New York: Atheneum, 1977), pp. 142-151,
198-203, 212-222. - Includes somewhat ambivalent portrayals of lesbians among
the camp denizens at Auschwitz.

Geoffrey J. Giles, "'The Most Unkindest Cut of All': Castration,
Homosexuality and Nazi Justice," Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 27
(1992): pp. 41-61. - Discusses the Nazi use of castration as a means of
punishment and control of sex offenders, including homosexual men.

Gunter Grau (ed), Hidden Holocaust: Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany,
1933-45 (London: Cassell, 1995). - An anthology of translated documents from
local, regional and national archives in Germany. Includes an essay by
historian Claudia Schoppmann, "The Position of Lesbian Women in the Nazi
Period."

Heinz Heger, The Men With the Pink Triangle (Boston: Alyson Publications,
1986). - Memoirs of a gay Austrian survivor of the camps.

Eugen Kogon, The Theory and Practice of Hell: The German Concentration Camps
and the System Behind Them (New York: Octagon Books, 1979). - Originally
published in the 50's, this volume by a political prisoner who was a ward
clerk at Buchenwald was one of the first to describe the situation of gays in
the camps.

Vera Laska (ed.), Women in Resistance and the Holocaust (Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1977), pp. 22-25. - Brief comments on lesbians in the camps.

Rudiger Lautmann, "The Pink Triangle: The Persecution of Homosexual Males in
the Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany," in Salvatore Licata and Robert
Petersen (eds.), Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality (New York: Haworth
Press, 1981), pp. 141-160. Also published as Journal of Homosexuality, vol.
6, nos. 1-2. A scholarly analysis of surviving camp records by a German
sociologist.

"Lesbians In the Butzow Concentration Camp," Connexions no. 3 (Winter 1982):
p. 17. Notes on a rare case of women interned specifically because they were
lesbian.

Stuart Marshall, "The Contemporary Use of Gay History: The Third Reich," in
Bad-Object Choices (ed.), How Do I Look? Queer Film and Video (Seattle: Bay
Press, 1991). - A critical analysis of the Nazi period and the ways
contemporary activists have used this history.

Richard Plant. The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals (New York:
Henry Holt and Co., 1986). - The most comprehensive, accurate and readable
popular survey of the subject in English.

James Steakley, The Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany (New York:
Arno Press, 1975), pp. 113ff. A social, cultural and political history of
homosexuality in Germany from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth
centuries, including the Nazi era.

Ian Young, Gay Resistance: Homosexuals in the Anti-Nazi Underground (Toronto:
Stubblejumper Press, 1985). - A brief (21 pp.) popular essay on the
contributions of gay people - particularly members of the circle around poet
Stefan George - to anti-Nazi efforts in Germany.

Zoe, Lucinda, "The Black Triangle," Lesbian Herstory Archives Newsletter, No.
12 (June 1991): p. 7. A critical discussion of the claim that the black
triangle was used to mark lesbians in the concentration camps - with remarks
on when it came to be used as a contemporary lesbian symbol.

Video:  "We Were Marked With A Big A". Video oral histories with gay camp
survivors. (The Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC has this;
Frameline in San Franciscoalso has a copy.)

Video: Stuart Marshall, director, "Desire: Sexuality in Germany, 1910-1945"
(1990). - A survey of gay life in Germany from the turn of the century
through World War II. (This is available for rent at video stores and for
sale through video catalogs with queer stock.)