WNGZWZSS0110€rЧqЧql?џџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ Geneva‹ AUTOSAVE.WKZїь"е*/24)dџџўџўџўџўџўџ7Pўџ TИl€(џџ D\ШXШœ$џШ€џџ№.№/h0dџ№€€@&&<A?BG@ >џm@ 1џmo@ 2џz@ 3џIo@ џџCџI@  6џCx@  7џCs@  <џVx@ =џVs@ 4џEv@ :џnomVs@ 9џnomVx@ 5џEs@ ?џSs@ @џSx@ AџC@ џџBџVt@Eџresult@8џblank@ ьџџџЁџ@) {ЎGсz„?,@ 0 0/%0.џ@ ыџўџЅџ@) {ЎGсz„?,@ 0 0/%0.џ@  0  0.%  .%1џ@   .џ@ ъџ§џЅъџ§џЁ1џ@§џ /% 1џ@(   0 0%  .%0  0/%1џ@    .%1%0џ@d №?*-Cыт6?%$@   0.%2%4*-Cыт6?%1Т№?{ЎGсz„?,@ 0/%0.%0џ@   1џ@d№?*-Cыт6?%$@   0.%2%4*-Cыт6?%1Т№?{ЎGсz„?,@ 0/%0.%0џ@  /% 1џ@   1џ@   0/џ@ўџџџ“.џ @  џџџџGeneva @  џџџџGeneva @  џџџџGeneva @ x џџџџGeneva @  џџџџGeneva @  џџџџSymbol @G/џџ>Simulation of the Single Standard Addition Method (non-linear) @y1џџmo №?џџ+Analytical curve slope without interference џџ Run number џџresult @x2џџz р?џџ-Interference factor (zero -> no interference)џџ№?І2|Šyџє? @x3џџIo №?џџ,Interferent concentration in original sampleџџ@УЏ˜ОьRє? @l4џџEv №?џџ Random volumetric error (% RSD )џџ@usŸDxћє? @l5џџEs №?џџ Signal measurement error (% RSD)џџ@б]‡№є? @}6џџCx №?џџ1Analyte concentration in original sample solutionџџ@ŒЬGз 6є? @n7џџCs Y@џџ"Concentration of standard solutionџџ@Щ›ŒњJ˜є? @i8џџblank џџ(Uncorrected) blank signalџџ@.ŒH(Чѕ? @€9џџnomVx $@џџ1Nominal volume of sample solution before additionџџ @ЖUХѓє? @y:џџnomVs №?џџ*Nominal volume of standard added to sampleџџ"@;$KЋє? @(;џџ$@Е$•3‰Дє? @j<џџVx% сЙ‹Вx$@џџActual volume taken originallyџџ&@nЗМ†”бє? @k=џџVs% Щ4Ьg-№?џџActual volume of standard addedџџ(@кBŠѓє? @r>џџm% р?џџ'Analytical curve slope in actual sampleџџ*@ђб­є? @m?џџSs%  Э є@џџ!Signal after addition of standardџџ,@:.fсCІє? @n@џџSx% ыU‰џп?џџ"Signal before addition of standardџџ.@бБƒgЉє? @{AџџC% VB%,^Э#@џџ0Analyte concentration after addition of standardџџ0@rXѕUЭє? @gBџџVt% z@e–Б}&@џџTotal volume after additionџџ1@#QrОИє? @rCџџI%  џ(ДЈtэ?џџ,Interferent concentration in addition sampleџџ2@ячаѕЧшє? @[Dџџratio%  ˆяW—є@џџRatio of Ss to Sxџџ3@•b/КcŸє? @oEџџresult%  ЃЁ5‹є?џџ$Result calculated from equation 6-16 џџ4@ \o~Bmkє? @cFџџaccuracy%2 Œ†жt.в?џџRelative percent accuracyџџMean%hrЦ~TМє? @rGџџrecovery%2 р?џџ+Relative % effect of interference on signalџџs%Ж3Љv@)? @Hџџ% RSD%2ЂцъƒQ€†? @!I џџAccuracy% 2 ЩћQёв? @$Jџџ Total error%2е 9‡TЅг? @,Tџџ#log((1+0.001)/(10^(-R93C4)+0.0001))€@Ь@ЪС0;џџџџџџџџџџ€zpŸdHLџџџџџџџџџџџџџ Chicago GenevaКК@d,Based on Ingle and Crouch, вSpectrochemical Analysisг, Chapter 6, page 178-179. The group of variables in the top left of the screen are independent variables that you can change. Click on the number (boldface), type a new value and press the enter key. The group of variables in the bottom left of the screen are dependent variables that are automatically calculated from the independent variables. The most important dependent variable is result, which is the simulated experimental measurement of the analyte concentration Cx by standard addition. It should ideally be equal to Cx; accuracy is the % difference between them. To inspect the equations that perform these calculations, click on the number and look at the rectangular box at the top of the screen. To operate the Monte-Carlo simulation, set the values of the independent variables, and then click on the в20 repeat runsг button. This simulates the 20 spearate standard addition experiments with random errors caused by Es and Ev. The results are shown in the table on the right of the screen. The object is to minimize the total error. Assumptions: 1. Analytical curve shape is determined by .01% unabsiorbed stray light (signal is linear at low values (below 1); approaches plateau at 4). 2. The only sources of error are random errors in volume and signal measure-ment. Errors are a fixed percentage of the quantity measured (fixed relative error rather than fixed absolute error).  Geneva Geneva((ѕњНУJLNVсушъ€q20 repeat runs пЙ›IJ20 repeat runse?777§§§ 2Iџ§§§ 2Iџ§№?є4@№?4@№?ї.єѕ0§§& resultџRI@.5C95џДџ§=avg(R51C9..R70C9)Fџ§=std(R51C9..R70C9)Gџ§0$=std(R51C9..R70C9)/avg(R51C9..R70C9)Hџ§=(R71C9-Cx)/CxIџќcountrepaint off define count column numbers select range R51C9..R74C9 remove data unselect repaint range R51C9..R74C9 repaint on for count = 1 to 20 recalc put result into "R"&50+count&"C9" end for put "=avg(R51C9..R70C9)" into R71C9 put "=std(R51C9..R70C9)" into R72C9 put "=std(R51C9..R70C9)/avg(R51C9..R70C9)" into R73C9 put "=(R71C9-Cx)/Cx" into R74C9 џџџ4џџџџџџџџџџ Chicago Chicago2€€џ