TK+1
=v
#1
:n
lambda
:v
.00003
:s
i
:u
cm
:d
nm
:c
wavelength of light (cm, �, �m, nm)
#2
:n
freq
:v
999333333333333.3333
:s
o
:u
Hz
:d
Hz
:c
frequency (Hz)
#3
:n
E
:v
6.6216826E-19
:s
o
:u
Joule
:d
Joule
:c
energy (Joule, erg, eV, kcal/mole)
#4
:n
v
:v
33333.33333333333333
:s
o
:u
cm-1
:d
cm-1
:c
wavenumber (cm-1)
#5
:n
T
:v
293
:s
i
:u
K
:d
C
:c
Temperature (K, C)
#6
:n
g
:v
4
:s
i
:c
gain per stage
#7
:n
V
:v
819.7603244412758716
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
volts
:c
total voltage applied
:a
V
#8
:n
Vd
:v
91.08448049347509684
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
volts
:c
voltage per dynode (volts, KV)
#9
:n
k
:v
9
:s
i
:c
number of dynodes
#10
:n
m
:v
262144
:s
o
:c
multiplication factor
#11
:n
rt
:v
100.0107897354868914
:s
o
:u
sec-1
:d
sec-1
:c
cathode thermionic emission rate (sec-1)
#12
:n
eta
:v
1
:s
i
:c
collection efficiency
#13
:n
Klam
:v
.2
:s
i
:c
Quantum efficiency
#14
:n
Rlam
:v
.04838649318528194028
:s
o
:u
amps/watt
:d
amps/watt
:c
radiant cathode responsivity (amps/watt)
#15
:n
Flux
:v
151.0190174322157936
:s
o
:u
sec-1
:d
sec-1
:c
Photon flux on cathode (sec-1)
#16
:n
Phi
:v
9.999999999999999999E-17
:s
i
:u
watts
:d
watts
:c
Radiant flux on cathode (watts, mwatts, �watts)
#17
:n
rcp
:v
30.20380348644315872
:s
o
:u
sec-1
:d
sec-1
:c
rate at which electrons emitted from cathode
#18
:n
ic
:v
4.838649318528194028E-18
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
cathode photocurrent (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#19
:n
ia
:v
1.268422886956254895E-12
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
mA
:c
anode photocurrent  (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#20
:n
ict
:v
1.6021728515625E-17
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
cathode thermionic current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#21
:n
iat
:v
4.2E-12
:s
i
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
anode thermionic current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#22
:n
Es
:v
.01268422886956254895
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
volts
:c
signal voltage (volts, mvolts)
#23
:n
RL
:v
1E10
:s
i
:u
ohms
:d
ohms
:c
load (or feedback) resistance (ohms, Kohms, Mohms)
#24
:n
sigmai
:v
2.665033177388912718E-13
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
signal shot noise current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#25
:n
alpha
:v
.3333333333333333333
:s
o
:c
secondary emission factor
#26
:n
sigmat
:v
4.849480645182533358E-13
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
thermionic shot noise current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#27
:n
excess
:v
0
:s
i
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
excess noise current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#28
:n
sigmad
:v
4.849480645182533358E-13
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
total dark noise current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#29
:n
sigma
:v
5.533521877121626048E-13
:s
o
:u
amps
:d
amps
:c
total shot noise current (amps, mA, �A, nA, pA)
#30
:n
sigmav
:v
.005533521877121626048
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
volts
:c
total shot noise voltage (volts, mvolts)
#31
:n
sigmaJ
:v
.000008992663676575478378
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
volts
:c
Johnson noise voltage (volts, mvolts)
#32
:n
flicfac
:v
.00009999999999999999999
:s
i
:c
flicker factor
#33
:n
sigmaf
:v
.000001268422886956254895
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
volts
:c
flicker noise voltage (volts, mvolts)
#34
:n
sigman
:v
.00553352932959429285
:s
o
:u
volts
:d
mvolts
:c
total noise voltage (volts, mvolts)
#35
:n
SNR
:v
2.292249324807054179
:s
o
:c
signal-to-noise ratio
:a
SNR
#36
:n
t
:v
1
:s
i
:u
sec
:d
sec
:c
integration time (sec)
#37
:n
tau
:v
.5
:s
o
:u
sec
:d
sec
:c
RC time constant (sec)
#38
:n
resptime
:v
2.5
:s
o
:u
sec
:d
sec
:c
RC response time (sec)
#39
:n
deltaf
:v
.5
:s
o
:u
Hz
:d
Hz
:c
noise bandwidth, Hz
#40
:n

:s
b
=u
#1
:f
cm
:m
1E7
:t
nm
#2
:f
nm
:m
10
:t
�
:c
� = option-shift-A
#3
:f
ppm
:m
1000
:t
ppb
#4
:f
ppm
:m
.00009999999999999999999
:t
%
#5
:f
ml
:m
1000
:t
�l
#6
:f
g
:m
1000000
:t
�g
:c
� = option-m
#7
:f
l
:m
1000
:t
ml
#8
:f
�m
:m
1000
:t
nm
#9
:f
erg
:m
.0000001
:t
Joule
#10
:f
eV
:m
1.6E-19
:t
Joule
#11
:f
J
:t
Joule
#12
:f
cm
:m
1E7
:t
nm
#13
:f
nm
:m
10
:t
�
#14
:f
ppm
:m
1000
:t
ppb
#15
:f
ppm
:m
.00009999999999999999999
:t
%
#16
:f
ml
:m
1000
:t
�l
#17
:f
g
:m
1000000
:t
�g
#18
:f
l
:m
1000
:t
ml
#19
:f
�m
:m
1000
:t
nm
#20
:f
m
:m
100
:t
cm
#21
:f
in
:m
2.54
:t
cm
#22
:f
cm2
:m
100
:t
mm2
#23
:f
eV
:m
23.06
:t
kcal/mole
#24
:f
cm/sec
:m
10
:t
mm/sec
#25
:f
cm
:m
1E7
:t
nm
#26
:f
nm
:m
10
:t
�
:c
� = option-shift-A
#27
:f
ppm
:m
1000
:t
ppb
#28
:f
ppm
:m
.00009999999999999999999
:t
%
#29
:f
ml
:m
1000
:t
�l
#30
:f
g
:m
1000000
:t
�g
:c
� = option-m
#31
:f
l
:m
1000
:t
ml
#32
:f
�m
:m
1000
:t
nm
#33
:f
erg
:m
.0000001
:t
Joule
#34
:f
eV
:m
1.6E-19
:t
Joule
#35
:f
J
:t
Joule
#36
:f
cm
:m
1E7
:t
nm
#37
:f
nm
:m
10
:t
�
#38
:f
ppm
:m
1000
:t
ppb
#39
:f
ppm
:m
.00009999999999999999999
:t
%
#40
:f
ml
:m
1000
:t
�l
#41
:f
g
:m
1000000
:t
�g
#42
:f
l
:m
1000
:t
ml
#43
:f
�m
:m
1000
:t
nm
#44
:f
m
:m
100
:t
cm
#45
:f
in
:m
2.54
:t
cm
#46
:f
cm2
:m
100
:t
mm2
#47
:f
eV
:m
23.06
:t
kcal/mole
#48
:f
C
:t
K
:a
273
#49
:f
amps
:t
amp
#50
:f
amps
:t
A
#51
:f
amps
:m
1000
:t
mA
#52
:f
amps
:m
1000000
:t
�A
#53
:f
amps
:m
1E9
:t
nA
#54
:f
amps
:m
1E12
:t
pA
#55
:f
watts
:t
W
#56
:f
watts
:m
1000000
:t
�watts
#57
:f
watts
:m
1000
:t
mwatts
#58
:f
volts
:t
V
#59
:f
volts
:m
.0009999999999999999999
:t
KV
#60
:f
volts
:m
1000
:t
mvolts
#61
:f
volts
:m
1000
:t
mv
#62
:f
sec-1
:t
Hz
#63
:f
ohms
:t
ohm
#64
:f
ohms
:m
.0009999999999999999999
:t
Kohms
#65
:f
ohms
:m
.0000009999999999999999999
:t
Mohms
=l
#1
:n
V
:d
volts
:u
volts
:v
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
E
#2
:n

:v
E
#3
:n

:v
E
#4
:n
SNR
:v

99536.49391935215545
122237.2075161786834
133138.7227701048245
139751.1562428739674
144254.0815015915799
147547.2365072374048
150075.8910453479099
152087.6586427028491
153732.0548534208614
E
=f
=r
#1
:r
lambda = 1/v
#2
:r
E = (6.6261E-34)*freq
#3
:r
freq = (2.998E10)/lambda
#4
:r
m=g^k
#5
:r
Vd=V/k
#6
:r
g=0.17*Vd^.7    " this is partly empirical
#7
:r
rcp=Klam*Flux
#8
:r
Rlam=(Klam*1.602e-19)/E
#9
:r
ia=eta*m*Rlam*Phi
#10
:r
ic=rcp*1.602e-19
#11
:r
Flux=Phi/E
#12
:r
ict=rt*1.602e-19
#13
:r
iat=m*eta*ict
#14
:r
Es=RL*ia
#15
:r
sigmai=sqrt(2*1.602e-19*(1+alpha)*m*ia*deltaf)
#16
:r
alpha=1/(g-1)
#17
:r
sigmat=sqrt(2*1.602e-19*(1+alpha)*m*iat*deltaf)
#18
:r
sigmad=sqrt(sigmat^2+excess^2)
#19
:r
sigma=sqrt(sigmad^2+sigmai^2)
#20
:r
sigmaJ=sqrt(4*1.38e-23*T*RL*deltaf)
#21
:r
sigman=sqrt((RL*sigma)^2+sigmaJ^2+sigmaf^2)
#22
:r
sigmav=RL*sigma
#23
:r
SNR=Es/sigman
#24
:r
deltaf=1/(2*t)
#25
:r
deltaf=1/(4*tau)
#26
:r
resptime=5*tau
#27
:r
sigmaf=flicfac*Es
=p
#1
:n
SNRvsVoltage
:t
Line chart
:i
""
:s
Yes
:z
None
:g
No
:l
Linear
:h
""
:v
""
:x
V
:u
#1
:y
SNR
:f
1
:p
Lines
:c
"*"
:m
0
E
=t
#1
:v
Vertical
:s
Show
:f
1
:t
""
:u
E
=n
=g
#1
:c
.0000009999999999999999999
:i
10
:v
Yes
:a
Yes
:r
Yes
:h
No
:t
1
%Tv,f,2,5,0,1,0
%Or,f,5,1,0,1,0