Generic ARTH 200 Page

ARTH 200: Art of the Western World from
Prehistory to 1300 ACE

Paleolithic period (c. 40,000-7,000 BCE):

Lion-human from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany, c. 30,000-26,000 BCE, mammoth ivory, Ulmer Museum,

Ulm, Germany

Woman from Ostrava Petrkovice, Czech Republic, c. 23,000 BCE, hematite, Archeological Institute, Brno
Woman from Willendorf [Willendorf "Venus"], Austria, c. 22,000 - 21,000 BCE, limestone, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna
Spotted Horses and Human Hands, Pech-Merle cave, Dordogne, France, c. 16,000 BCE, paint on limestone
Bison, on cave ceiling, Altamira, Spain, c. 12,000 BCE, paint on limestone

Lascaux caves:

Axial Gallery Lascaux caves, Dordogne, France, c. 15,000-13,000 BCE, paint on limestone
Plan, Lascaux caves, Dordogne, France, c. 15,000-13,000 BCE, paint on limestone
Bison, Lascaux caves, Dordogne, France, c. 15,000-13,000 BCE, paint on limestone
Bird-Headed Man with Bison and Rhinoceros, Lascaux caves, Dordogne, France, c. 15,000-13,000 BCE, paint on limestone
Bison, Le Tuc d'Audoubert, Ariège, France, c. 13,000 BCE
Ibex-Headed Spear Thrower, from Le Mas d'Azil, Ariège, France, c. 16,000-9,000 BCE, carved antler, Musèe de la Preistoire, Le Mas d'Azil

Neolithic period (c. 8,000-2,300 BCE):

Stonehenge:

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Avebury circle, Avebury, Wiltshire, England
Jericho
Catal Hüyük, Anatolia, Turkey, c. 6500-5500 BCE
Figure from Ain Ghazal, c. 7000-6000 BCE, plaster with cowrie shell, bitumen, and paint, National Museum, Amman, Jordan

Ancient Near East

Sumer (3500-2030 BCE)

Nanna Ziggurat, Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq), c. 2100-2050 BCE
Face of a Woman, from Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq), c. 3500-3000 BCE, marble, Iraq Museum, Baghdad
Inanna Receiving an Offering, detail from carved vase from Uruk, c. 3500-3000 BCE, alabaster, Iraq Museum, Baghdad
Votive Statues, from Square Temple, Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq), c. 2900-2600 BCE, limestone, alabaster, and

gypsum, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago; Iraq Museum, Baghdad

Sumerian cylinder seal and impression
Bull Lyre, from the tomb of Queen Puabi, Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq), c. 2685 BCE, wood & gold, lapis lazuli, and shell in modern wood support, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania
Ram Tree Offering Stand, c. 2600 BCE, University of Pennsylvania
"Standard" of Ur

Akkad (2340-2180 BCE)

Lagash (c. 2150 BCE)

Votive statue of Gudea, from Lagash (modern Telloh, Iraq), c. 2150 BCE, diorite, Louvre Museum, Paris
Gudea with architectural plan, c. 2150 BCE
Head of Gudea

Babylonia (c. 1792-1750 BCE) and Mari

Stela of Hammurabi, from Susa (modern Shush, Iran), c. 1792-1750 BCE, basalt, Louvre Museum, Paris
Investiture of Zimrilim, facsimile of wall painting from Mari (modern Tell Hariri, Iraq), c. 1750 BCE, Louvre Museum, Paris

Assyria (c. 1000-612 BCE)

Gate of Palace Complex of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq), c. 721-706 BCE
Assurnasiripal II Killing Lions, from palace complex of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu (modern Nimrud, Iraq), c. 850 BCE, alabaster,

British Museum, London

Guardian Figure from Throne-Room of Sargon II, c. 720 BCE, limestone, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

Neo-Babylonia (c. 612-539 BCE)

Reconstruction of Babylon at the time of Nebuchadnezzar II, with Ishtar Gate, c. 6th c. BCE
Ishtar Gate and Throne Room wall, from Babylon (Iraq), glazed brick, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Voderasiaisches Museum

Persia (c. 559-331 BCE)

Persepolis:

Apadana (Audience Hall) of Darius and Xerxes, ceremonial complex, Persepolis, Iran, c. 518-460 BCE
Lion Attacking Deer, detail of relief from base of Apadana (Audience Hall) of Darius and Xerxes, ceremonial complex, Persepolis, Iran, c. 518-460 BCE
Darius and Xerxes Giving Offering, detail of relief from stairway leading to Apadana (Audience Hall) of Darius and Xerxes, ceremonial complex, Persepolis, Iran, c. 518-460 BCE, Iranbastan Museum, Tehran
Bull Capital

Egypt

Early Dynastic Egypt (c. 3150-2700 BCE)

Old Kingdom (c. 2700-2190 BCE)
Funerary Complex of Djoser, Saqqara, c. 2600 BCE:

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Funerary Complex at Giza:

Plan of the funerary complex at Giza, c. 2601-2505 BCE
Pyramids of Mycerinus (c. 2470 BCE), Chefren (c. 2500 BCE), and Cheops (c. 2530 BCE)
Pyramid of Chefren (Khafre), c. 2570-2544 BCE
Pyramid cross-section
Funerary complex of Chefren (Khafre), c. 2570-2544 BCE
Valley Temple of Chefren (Khafre), c. 2570-2544 BCE
Great Sphinx, Giza, c. 2570-2544 BCE, sandstone

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Chefren; frontal view; c.2570-2544, BCE.; Diorite; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Chefren; right angle view; c. 2570-2544 BCE; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Menkure and his Wife, Queen Khamerrenebty, from Giza, c. 2515 BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Seated Scribe, c. 2510-2460 BCE, painted limestone, Louvre Museum
Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt, Tomb of Ti, Saqqara, c. 2510-2460 BCE, painted limestone relief
Portrait of Hesy-Ra, c. 2660 BCE

Middle Kingdom (c. 2040-1674 BCE)

Hippopotamus, from the Tomb of Senbi, Meir, c. 1962-1895 BCE, faience, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Portrait of Sesostris III

New Kingdom (c. 1552-1069 BCE)

Great Temple at Karnak:

Plan of the Great Temple of Amun, Karnak, c. 1294-1212 BCE
Hypostyle hall, Great Temple of Amun, Karnak, c. 1294-1212 BCE
Pylon of Ramesses II with obelisk in the foreground, Temple of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu, Luxor, c. 1279-1212 BCE

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Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, c. 2009-1997 BCE:

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Tomb of Tutankhamen

Inner coffin of Tutankhamen, from the Tomb of Tutankhamen, Valley of the Kings, c. 1336/5-1327 BCE, gold inlaid

with glass and precious stones, Egyptian Museum, Cairo

Throne, view of back: center panel; c.1340 B.C.E.; Sheets of gold and silver, glass- paste, ceramic, and inlaid calcite.; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Throne, angle view; c.1340 B.C.E.; Sheets of gold and silver, glass- paste, ceramic, and inlaid calcite; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Painted Chest; c.1340 B.C.E.; Stuccoed wood; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
King's Fly Whisk: Ostrich hunt; c.1340 B.C.E.; Gold; 4in.;7 1/4in.; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Drinking Cup in form of Lotus Flower; c.1340 B.C.E.; Found at entrance to tomb; Calcite; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Gold Funerary Mask: Head; c.1340 B.C.E.; Beaten Gold, semi-precious stones, and colored glass-paste; 21in.; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Canopic Shrine: Serket protecting; c.1340 B.C.E.; Gilded Gold; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Colonnade at court of Amenhotep III, c. 1390 BCE

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City of Akhetaten (Tell el-Amarna)
Akhenaten, c. 1360 BCE
Akhenaten and His Family, from Akhetaten, limestone, c. 1348-1336/5 BCE, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer

Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum

King Akhenaten, Queen Nefertiti and One of Their Daughters, Adoring the Sun;c. 1364-1347 B.C.E.; White limestone; H. 3'6"; Cairo, Egyptian Museum
Daughters of Akhenaten, c. 1360 BCE
Nefertiti, from Akhetaten, c. 1348-1336/5, limestone, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum

Aegean Era Greece (c. 3000-1100 BCE)

Cycladic (c. 3000-1600 BCE)

Idol from Amorgos
Cycladic Female Figures, c. 2500-2200 BCE, marble, Museum of Clycladic Art, Athens
Harp Player, from Keros, Cyclades, c. 2500-2200 BCE, marble, National Archeological Museum, Athens
Landscape from Akrotiri, Thera, Cyclades, before 1600-1500 BCE, National Archeological Museum, Athens
Fishermen Fresco, from Thera

Minoan (c. 3000-1400 BCE)

Palace at Knossos, Crete:

Plan of Knossos Palace Complex, c. 1700-1300 BCE
Knossos Palace Complex, c. 1700-1300 BCE
Court and staircase, Knossos Palace Complex, c. 1700-1300 BCE
Hall of Shields
Queen's Megaron
Bull Jumping, reconstructed fresco from palace complex, c. 1550-1450 BCE

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Bull Jumper(?), from the palace complex at Knossos, c. 1700-1550 BCE, ivory with gilt bronze wire, Archeological

Museum, Iraklion, Crete

Snake Goddess, from the palace complex at Knossos, c. 1700-1500 BCE, faience, Knossos Museum, Crete
Harvester vase: first musician and procesion; 1650-11450 B.C.E.; From Hagia Triada; Steatite; Iraklion, Museum
Harvester vase: procesion; 1650-1450 B.C.E.; From Hagia Triada; Steatite; Iraklion, Museum
Priestess at Altar: Detail from Hagia Triada Sarcophagus
Bull's head rhyton from the palace complex at Knossos, c.1550-1450 BCE, steatite with shell, rock, crystal, and red jaspar; restored gilt wood horns, Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete
Vapheio Cup with Scenes of Cow and Bull, found near Sparta, Greece, c.1650-1450, National Archeological Museum, Athens
Kamares Ware Jug, from Phaistos, Crete, c. 2000-1900 BCE, ceramic, Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete
Octopus Flask, from Palaikastro, Crete, c. 1500-1450 BCE, Marine style ceramic, Archeological Museum, Iraklion, Crete
Ring from Isopata, jewelry, c. 1500-1400 BCE
Signet ring, c. 1500 BCE

Mycenaean (c. 1400-1100 BCE)

Mycenae, Greece:

Tomb known as Treasury of Atreus, c. 1300-1200 BCE, Mycenae, Greece:

View from the east; 1300-1250 B.C.E.

Plan of tomb known as Treasury of Atreus, c. 1300-1200 BCE, Mycenae, Greece

Treasury of Atreus; plan and sections; c. 1300-1250 B.C.E.

Doorway, close view; 1300-1250 B.C.E.

Interior, dome; c. 1300-1250 B.C.E.

Interior, view into dome; 1300-1250 B.C.E.

Interior of tomb known as Treasury of Atreus, c. 1300-1200 BCE, Mycenae, Greece

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Tiryns, Citadel; plan; 1400-1200 B.C.E.
Tiryns, Megaron; plan; c. 1400-1200 B.C.E.
Corbeled Arch, Diagram
Reconstruction drawing of the megaron in the Palace at Pylos, Greece, c. 1300-1200 BCE
Two Women with a Child, found in Palace at Mycenae, c. 1400-1200 BCE, ivory, National Archeological Museum, Athens
Funerary mask ("Mask of Agamemnon"), from the royal tombs at Mycenae, Greece, c. 1550-1500 BCE, gold, National Archeological Museum, Athens
Warrior Vase, from Mycenae, Greece, c. 1300-1100 BCE, ceramic, National Archeological Museum, Athens

Ancient Greece: Proto-Geometric through Hellenistic Periods (1000-2nd c. BCE)

For more on Greek Art, see Marjorie Venit's Greek Art page

Proto-Geometric (before 900 BCE)

Lefkandi Centaur; 3/4 view; c. 900 BCE; Terracotta; Euboea, Eretria Museum

Geometric Period (c. 900-700 BCE)

Dipylon Vase, from Dipylon Cemetary, Athens, c. 750 BCE, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Detail of Dipylon Vase, from Dipylon Cemetary, Athens, c. 750 BCE, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Dipylon Amphora, c. 750 BCE, National Archaeological Museum, Athens
Detail of Dipylon Amphora, c. 750 BCE, National Archaeological Museum, Athens
Dipylon Painter; Dipylon Amphora (Athens #804); c. 750 BCE; Athens, National Museum
Dipylon Painter; Dipylon Amphora (Athens #804): Prothesis; c.750 B.C.; Athens, National Museum
Bronze horse (from Olympia)

Archaic Period (c. 600-480 BCE)

Plan of Temple of Hera I at Paestum, Italy, c. 550 BCE
Temple of Hera I at Paestum, Italy, c. 550 BCE
Greek Temple Plans
Greek Architectural Orders: Doric, Ionic, & Corinthian

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Temple of Artemis, Kokyra (Corfu), c. 600-580 BCE:

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Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi:

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Temple of Apollo at Delphi:

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Athenian Treasury, Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, c. 490 BCE:

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Siphnian Treasury, Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, c. 525-520 BCE:

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Charioteer Sculpture Group at Delphi:

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Temple of Aphaia, Aegina:

Reconstruction of the east pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, c. 480 BCE
Dying Warrior, fragment of sculpture from east pediment, Temple of Aphaia, c. 480 BCE

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François Vase, Ergotimos and Kleitias, black-figure decoration on a volute krater, c. 570 BCE, Museo Archeologico, Florence:

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Dionysos with Maenads, by Amasis Painter, black-figure amphora, c. 540 BCE, Biblothèque Nationale, Paris

The Suicide of Ajax, by Exekias, black-figure amphora, c. 540 BCE, Château-Musée, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France

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     Death of Sarpedon, by Euphronios, red-figure calyx krater, c. 515 BCE, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York:

Hypnos & Thanatos Removing the Body of Sarpedon; c.510 B.C.; New York, Metropolitan Museum

Warriors Arming; c.510 B.C.; New York, Metropolitan Museum

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A Bronze Foundry, by the Foundry Painter, red-figure kylix from Vulci, Italy, c. 490-480 BCE, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung

Achilles and Ajax Playing Draughts, black-figure, c. 540 BCE, by Exekias, Vatican Museum, Rome

Achilles & Ajax Playing Draughts; red-figure; 520-515 B.C.; Boston, Museum of Fine Arts

Achilles & Ajax Playing Draughts; red-figure; c.525 B.C.; Boston, Museum of Fine Arts

Achilles and Penthesilea, by Exekias, c. 525 BCE, (from Vulci, Italy), British Museum, London

Dionysos Sailing with Dolphins, by Exekias, (from Vulci, Italy), Museum for Antike Kunst, Munich

Classical Period (c. 480-320 BCE)
Temple of Zeus at Olympia:

Reconstruction of west pediment of Temple of Zeus at Olympia, c. 470-456 BCE, marble

Reconstruction of east pediment

River god, east pediment

Seer, east pediment

Head of seer, east pediment

Oenomaus, Sterope, and groom, east pediment

Herakles assisted by Athena in diverting the Rivers Through the Augean Stables, metope

Herakles holding up world with help of Athena while Atlas brings apples of the Hesperides, metope

Seated Zeus with Hera, metope

Apollo with Battling Lapiths and Centaurs, fragments of relief from west pediment of Temple of Zeus at Olympia, c. 470-456 BCE, marble, Archeological Museum, Olympia

Athena, Herakles, and Atlas, metope relief form frieze of Temple of Zeus at Olympia, c. 470-456 BCE, marble, Archeological Museum, Olympia

Kritios Boy; front view; 480-470 B.C.; Athens, Acropolis Museum

Detail of Artemis, Artemis Slaying Actaeon, Pan Painter, red-figure decoration on a bell krater, c. 470 BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Detail of Actaeon, Artemis Slaying Actaeon, Pan Painter, red-figure decoration on a bell krater, c. 470 BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

A Vase Painter and Assistants Crowned by Athena and Victories, red-figure hydria from Athens, c. 450 BCE, Private collection

Acropolis and the Parthenon, Athens
Athens

Hellenistic map

General view

General view

Model

Drawing

General view with acropolis in background

Agora

Plan of the Agora in Athens

Athens: Agora: plan

Parthenon, Kallikrates and Iktinos, Acropolis, Athens, c. 447-438 BCE

East pediment of Parthenon, sculpture by Phidias, c. 438-432 BCE, British Museum, London

Three Seated Goddesses from east pediment of Parthenon, sculpture by Phidias, c. 438-432 BCE, British Museum, London

Lapith Fighting a Centaur, metope relief from Doric frieze on the south side of the Parthenon, c. 440 BCE, marble, sculpture by Phidias, British Museum, London

Doric and Ionic Inner friezes of the Parthenon

Panathenaic Procession from Parthenon, c. 438-432 BCE, sculpture by Phidias, British Museum, London

Propylaia, by Mnesikles, Acropolis, Athens, c. 437-432 BCE

Erechtheion, by Mnesikles, Acropolis, Athens, c. 430's-405 BCE

Porch of the Maidens or Caryatid Porch, Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens, c. 421-405 BCE

Temple of Athena Nike, by Kallikrates, Acropolis, Athens, c. 425 BCE

Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, c. 410-407 BCE, relief from Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis Museum, Athens.

Spear Bearer (Doryphoros), by Polykleitos, Roman copy after original bronze of c. 450-440 BCE, marble, Museo

Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy
Demeter, Persephone, and Triptolemos, stela from Eleusis, c. 440 BCE, marble, National Archeological Museum, Athens

Little Girl with a Bird, grave stela from Paros, c. 450-440 BCE, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Mourning Athena, c. 470 (?)

Riace Bronze Warriors:

Riace Warrior A; rear view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior A; 3/4 rear view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior A; front view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior A; right profile; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior A: Head; front view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Militades: Head; front view

Riace Warrior B: Head; 3/4 view from left; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior B; front view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior B; rear view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior B: Head & Upper Torso; front view; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior B; 3/4 view from right; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Riace Warrior B; 3/4 view from left; c. 460-50 B.C.; Bronze; Reggio Calabria, Archaeological Museum

Woman and Maid, Style of Achilles Painter, white ground lekythos, c. 450-440 BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Tholos Temple, Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi, c. 400 BCE

Plan of Tholos Temple, Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi, c. 400 BCE

Reconstruction of the Mausoleum (tomb of Mausolos), Halikarnassos (modern Bodrum, Turkey), c. 353 BCE

Mausolos from the Mausoleum (tomb of Mausolos), Halikarnassos (modern Bodrum, Turkey), c. 353 BCE, British Museum, London

Hermes and the Infant Dionysos, by follower of Praxiteles, Roman copy after original of 300-250 BCE, marble, Archeological Museum, Olympia

Aphrodite of Knidos, by Praxiteles, composite of two similar copies of original marble of c. 350 BCE, Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Gabinetto delle Maschere, Rome

Apollo Belvedere, marble, Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Cortile Ottagono, Rome

The Scraper (Apoxymenos), Roman copy after Greek original, by Lysippos, c. 330 BCE, Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Gabinetto dell'Apoxymenos, Rome

Abduction of Persephone, detail of wall painting in Tomb I, Vergina, Macedonia, c. 366 BCE

Alexander, Hellenistic copy (c. 200 BCE) of a statue by Lysippos (4th c.), Archeological Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos, Roman mosaic copy of a Greek painting of c. 310 BCE, by Philoxenos or Helen of Egypt, Museo Archeològico, Naples

Stag Hunt, by Gnosis (signed at top "Gnosis made it"), detail of pebble mosaic floor from Pella, Macedonia, c. 300 BCE

Earrings of the Rape of Ganymede, c. 330-300 BCE, hollow-cast gold, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Hellenistic Period (320-30 BCE)

Theater at Epidauros, early 3rd century BCE

Plan of theater at Epidauros, early 3rd century BCE

Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens, foundation of 6th c. BCE; temple designed by Cossutius, begun 175 BCE, left unfinished

164 BCE, completed 132 CE using Cossutius' design
Gallic Chieftain Killing His Wife and Himself, Roman copy after original bronze of 220 BCE, marble, Palazzo Altemps, Rome

Dying Gaul, by Epigonos, Roman copy after original bronze of c. 220 BCE, marble, Mueso Capitolino, Rome

Reconstructed west front of the altar from Pergamon, Turkey, c. 166-156 BCE, marble, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Pergamonmuseum

Athena Attacking the Giants, detail of frieze from east front of altar from Pergamon, Turkey, c. 166-156 BCE, marble, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Pergamonmuseum

Nike (Victory) of Samothrace, from the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, Samothrace, c. 190 BCE, marble, Louvre Museum, Paris

Laöcoon and His Sons, by Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes, perhaps original of 2nd to 1st c. BCE or Roman copy of the 1st c. CE, marble, Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Cortile Ottagono, Rome

Masked Dancer, Late 3rd or early 2nd c. BCE, bronze, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Aphrodite of Melos (also known as Venus de Milo), c. 150 BCE, Louvre Museum, Paris

Punishment of Dirce or Farnese Bull, Museo Archeològico, Naples

Ancient Italy
Etruscan Art (c.700-2nd c. BCE)

Porta Augusta, Perugia, 2nd c. BCE

Reconstruction of an Etruscan temple

Ground plan of an Etruscan temple

Apollo from Veii, c. 500 BCE, painted terracotta, Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome

Sarcophagus with Married Couple, from Cerveteri, c. 520 BCE, terracotta, Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome

Musicians and Dancers, Tomb of the Lionesses, wall painting, Tarquinia, Italy, c. 480-470 BCE

Chimera, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence

She-Wolf, c. 500-480 BCE, bronze, Museo Capitolino, Rome

Aulus Metellus

The Roman World
For more images of Roman art, check out the Roman page with images of selected monuments
Republican Rome (c. 509-27 BCE)

Roman vaulting

Roman architectural orders

Sanctuary of Fortuna Primagenia, Palestrina (Praeneste), c. 100 BCE

Axometric reconstruction of the sanctuary showing numbered terraces (from Marilyn Stokstad, ArtHistory:VolumeOne

General View (from Stokstad)

Barrel vaults and hemicycle on fourth terrace (made of concrete faced with

opus incertum

Barrel vaults and hemicycle on fourth terrace

Barrel vault of hemicycle of fourth terrace: detail of coffering

Coffering on hemicycle vault

Hemicycle on fourth terrace

View from inside hemicylce on fourth terrace

Stepped pavillion below seventh (top) terrace

View from seventh terrace onto sixth terrace and countryside

Stairway

Stairway leading down from fifth to fourth terrace

Stairway leading down from fifth to fourth terrace

Stepped pavillion below seventh (top) terrace

Ramp leading to lower level of sanctuary

Column bases along ramp

View up ramp with column bases

Lowest level of sanctuary (at town level)

Room in lower level of sanctuary (thought to be possible original location of Nile mosaic):

Detail of podium

Detail of podium

Detail of podium with engaged columns in background

Detail of engaged column

Detail of engaged pilasters

Temple of Portunus, Forum Boarium, Rome, late 2nd c. BC

Atrium, House of the Silver Wedding, Pompeii, early 1st c. BCE

Peristyle Garden, House of the Vetii, Pompeii, mid-1st c. BCE

Venus and Mars, Villa Marina, Pompeii

Pont du Gard, Nîmes, France, late 1st c. BCE

Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France, c. 20 BCE

Imperial Rome (c. 27 BCE-395 CE)

Ara Pacis, 13-9 BCE, marble, Rome

Imperial Procession, from Ara Pacis, c. 13-9 BCE, marble, Rome

Aeneas Sacrificing, Ara Pacis, 13-9 BCE, marble, Rome

Exterior, Detail of sculptural relief of procession, with members of the Imperial family

Exterior, Detail of sculptural relief of procession

Exterior, Detail of acanthus foliage

Exterior, Detail of acanthus flower

Exterior, Detail of Ge, the Earth Goddess, flanked by personifications of the winds

Exterior, Detail of cow and sheep below Ge

Exterior, Detail of acanthus scrolls with lizard and serpent

Exterior, Detail of acanthus scrolls

Exterior, Detail of acanthus scrolls with grapes, bird, and lizard

Exterior, Detail of acanthus scrolls

Exterior, Detail of acanthus scrolls

Exterior, Detail of plant

Exterior, Detail of acanthus scrolls and swan

Interior, Detail of garland with bucrania

Interior, Detail of altar with garlands in background

Interior, Detail of sphinx and relief on altar

Interior, showing garlands and pilasters

Augustus of Primaporta, Early 1st c. CE, marble, Museo Vaticano, Braccio Nuovo, Rome

Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus, Villa of the Mysteries, Second Style wall painting, Pompeii,

c. 50 BCE
Reconstructed Bedroom with Architectural Scenes from the House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, late 1st c. ACE,

Metropolitan Museum of Art
Cityscape, detail of Architectural Scenes from the House of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, late 1st c. ACE,

Metropolitan Museum of Art
Garden Scene, from Villa of Livia at Primaporta, detail of a Second Style wall painting, late 1st c. BCE, Museo Nazionale

Romano, Rome
Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum), c. 72-80 BCE, Rome

Arch of Titus, c. 81 CE, Rome, marble

Spoils from the Temple of Solomon, relief in passageway of Arch of Titus, c. 81 CE, Rome, marble

Young Flavian Woman, c. 90 CE, marble, Museo Capitolino, rome

Detail of Third-Style Wall painting, House of M. Lucretius Fronto, Pompeii, mid-1st c. CE

Model of the Imperial Forums, Rome

Plan of the Imperial Forums, Rome

Plan of Trajan's Forum and Market

Reconstruction of Trajan's Basilica Ulpia, c. 113 CE

Column of Trajan, c. 106-13 CE, marble, Rome

Detail of Romans Crossing the Danube and Building a Fort, Column of Trajan, c. 106-13 CE, marble, Rome

Main hall, Markets of Trajan, c. 110-112 CE

Pantheon, Rome, c. 125-28 CE, ground plan

Pantheon, Rome, c. 125-28 CE, reconstruction drawing

Pantheon, Rome, c. 125-28 CE

Pantheon, Rome, c. 125-28 CE, interior showing oculus

Model of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, c. 135 CE

Canopus, Hadrian's Villa

Maritime Theatre, Hadrian's Villa

Cryptoporticus, Hadrian's Villa

Plan of Timgad, North Africa

Ruins of Timgad, North Africa, begun 100 CE

Hadrian Hunting Boar and Sacrificing to Apollo, c. 130-38 CE, roundels on Arch of Constantine (built 4th c. CE), Rome

Marcus Aurelius, c. 161-80 CE, bronze, formerly in the Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome

Commodus as Hercules, c. 190 CE, marble, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome

Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts, from Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, c. 118-28 CE, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung

Baths of Caracalla, Rome, c. 211-17 CE

Plan of Baths of Caracalla, Rome, c. 211-17 CE

Plan of Palace of Diocletian, Split, Serbian Croatia, c. 300 Ce, Museo della Civiltà, Rome

Peristyle court, Palace of Diocletian, Split, Serbian Croatia, c. 300 Ce, Museo della Civiltà, Rome

Caracalla, early 3rd c. CE, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Four Tetrarchs, c. 305 CE, porphyry, installed in corner of facade of Church of San Marco, Venice

Battle Between Romans and Barbarians, detail of Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, found near Rome, c. 250 CE, marble, Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, 306-13 CE

Plan of Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, 306-13 CE

Reconstruction of Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, 306-13 CE

Basilica, Trier, Germany, early 4th c. CE

Arch of Constantine, c. 312-315 CE, marble with reliefs from Hadrianic, Trajanic, and Flavian times

Constantine Speaking to the People, relief from Arch of Constantine, c. 315 CE, Rome

Colossal Figure of Constantine the Great, formerly in the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, fragments now in

the Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome
Sarcophagus of Helen, Mother of Constantine, Musei Vaticani, Rome

Priestess of Bacchus, panel from ivory diptych, c. 390-401 CE, Victoria and Albert Museum, London

Art of the Early Christian Era (c. 100-6th c. CE)
Jewish Art

Wall with torah-niche from House Synagogue, Dura-Europos, Syria, c. 244-45 CE, tempera on plaster, reconstructed

in National Museum, Damascus, Syria
Finding the Baby Moses, detail of a wall painting from a house-synagogue, Dura-Europos, Syria, tempera on plaster,

Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut
Early Christian Art

Walls and Baptismal font, from Baptistry of a Christian house-church, Dura-Europos, Syria, c. 240 CE, Yale University Art

Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut
Orant Figure, Teacher, and Pupils ("Donna Velata"), wall paiting in lunette, Cubiculum of the Velatio, Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome, 3rd c. CE

Banquet Scene, Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome, late 2nd or early 3rd c. CE

Jonah Swallowed and Jonah Cast Up, two statuettes from a set of three from eastern Mediterranean (probably Asia Minor),

3rd c. CE, marble, Cleveland Museum of Art
Reconstruction drawing of Old St. Peter's, Rome, c. 320-27; atrium added in later 4th c. CE

Diagram of Basilica-plan and central-plan churches

Nave, Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, c. 432-40 CE, Rome

Plan of Church of Santa Costanza, c. 338-350, Rome

Church of Santa Costanza, c. 338-350, Rome

Harvesting of Grapes, mosaic from Church of Santa Costanza, c. 338-350, Rome

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, c. 425-426 CE, Ravenna, Italy

Martyrdom of St. Lawrence, mosaic from Interior of Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, c. 425-426 CE, Ravenna, Italy

Good Shepherd, mosaic from Interior of Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, c. 425-426 CE, Ravenna, Italy

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, c. 359, marble, Grottoes of Saint Peter, Vatican, Rome

Jonah Sarcophagus

Byzantine Art

Church of Hagia Sophia, by Athemius of Tralles and Isodorus of Miletus, c. 532-537 CE, Istabul, Turkey (formerly

Constantinople)
Interior of Church of Hagia Sophia, by Athemius of Tralles and Isodorus of Miletus, c. 532-537 CE, Istabul, Turkey (formerly

Constantinople)
Plan of Church of Hagia Sophia, by Athemius of Tralles and Isodorus of Miletus, c. 532-537 CE, Istabul, Turkey (formerly

Constantinople)
Transfiguration of Christ, apse mosaic, c. 548-565 CE, Church of the Virgin, Monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt

    Church of San Vitale, c. 526-547 CE, Ravenna, Italy:

Plan of Church of San Vitale

Interior of Church of San Vitale

Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, mosaic on south wall of apse

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Church of Sant'Apollinare in Classe (former port of Ravenna), c. 533-549 CE

Apse mosaic showing Saint Apollinaris, First Bishop of Ravenna, and the Transfiguration, Church of Sant'Apollinare in Classe (former port of Ravenna), c. 533-549 CE

Archangel Michael, panel of ivory diptych from Constantinople, early 6th century CE, British Museum, London

Rebecca at the Well, illuminated page from the Book of Genesis; tempera, gold, and silver on vellum; early 6th century CE,

made in Syria or Palestine; Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna
The Ascension, from the Rabbula Gospels; from Beth Zagba, Syria; 586 CE; Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence

Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels, icon, Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt, second half of 6th c. CE,

encaustic on wood
Christ Pantokrator, mosaic in central dome, c. 1080-1100 CE, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece

Crucifixion, mosaic in north arm of east wall, c. 1080-1100 CE, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece

David the Psalmist, from the Paris Psalter, mid-10th c. CE, paint on vellum, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

Early Medieval Art:

Purse cover from Sutton Hoo burial ship, Suffolk, England, c. 615-25 CE, cloisonné plaques of gold, glass, and enamel with garnets and emeralds, British Museum, London

Chi Rho Iota page, Book of Matthew, Book of Kells, probably made at Iona, Scotland, late 8th or early 9th c. CE, tempera on vellum, The Board of Trinity College, Dublin

Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany, c. 792-805 CE

Page with Mark the Evangelist, Book of Mark, Godescalc Evangelistary, c. 781-783 CE, ink and colors on vellum,

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
Page with Matthew the Evangelist, Book of Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, c. 816-840 CE, ink and colors on vellum, Bibliothèque Municipale, Epernay, France

Doors of Bishop Bernward, Cathedral (Abbey Church of St. Michael), Hildesheim, Germany, 1015 CE, bronze

Romanesque Art:

Christ in Majesty, tympanum of south portal, Priory Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, Toulousse, France

Diagram of Romanesque church portal

Lions and Prophet Jeremiah(?), trumeau of the south portal, Priory Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, Toulousse, France

Last Judgment, by Gislebertus, tympanum of west portal, Cahtedral of Saint-Lazare, Autun, Burgundy, France, c. 1120-1135

Gothic Art:

Plan of the sanctuary, Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France, c. 1140-1144 CE

Ambulatory choir, Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France, c. 1140-1144 CE

Diagram of Rib Vaulting

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Chartres Cathedral

Cathedral of Nôtre-Dame, Chartres, Île-de-France, France, c. 1194-1160 CE, west facade begun c. 1134 CE

Isometric diagram of Chatres Cathedral

West facade, c. 1134-1220 CE

Royal Portal, west facade, c. 1145-1155 CE

Prophets and Ancestors of Christ, right side, central portal, Royal Portal

Flying buttresses, c. 1200-1220 CE

Nave, c. 1200-1220 CE

Plan, c. 1194-1220 CE

Tree of Jesse, west facade, c. 1150-1170 CE, stained glass

Rose window, west facade, stained glass,

Charlemagne Window, ambulatory apse, c. 1210-1236 CE, stained glass

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Amiens Cathedral

Plan of Amiens Cathedral, by Robert du Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont, c. 1220-1288 CE, Île-de-France, France

Nave

West Facade, begun c. 1220 CE

Beau Dieu, trumeau, central portal, west facade, c. 1220-1235 CE

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Nôtre-Dame, Paris

Cathedral of Nôtre-Dame, begun 1163 CE, view from south

Nave

West facade

Rose window

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Interior, upper chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, c. 1243-1248 CE

Page constructed by Liz Tobey as an ongoing project. This page is currently unfinished.   If you are interested in adding to or modifying this page, please contact me at etobey@wam.umd.edu.